LBT 393 伊津

Recognition of syntactic patterns cannot be accomplished on basis of probability statistics (Chomsky and Miller, 1963; Chomsky 1963; Miller and Chomsky, 1963). The rules that underly syntax (which are the same for understanding and speaking) are of a very specific kind, and unless man or mechanical devices do their processing of incoming sentences in accordance with these rules, the logical, formal, analysis of the input will be deficient, resulting in incorrect or random responses. When we say rules must have been built into the grammatical analyzer, we impute the existence of an apparatus with specific structure properties or, in other words, a spectic internal organization.
辨示句法樣式不能以機率統計為基礎而達成(Chomsky and Miller, 1963; Chomsky 1963; Miller and Chomsky, 1963)，構成句法之基礎的規則(和用來理解和說話的規則相同)屬於一種非常特定的規則，除非人類或者是機械儀器按照這些規則來處理接收到的句子，對於這些輸入的邏輯、形式的分析將會是不足的，因而導致不正確或者隨機的反應。當我們說規則必須內建於語法分析器時，我們設想存在一個器官，它具有特定結構的特性，或者換言之，具有特定的內在組織。In a certain sense all organisms are self-organizing systems. And, therefore, the question that faces us is, “What is the degree of freedom with which the specific organization necessary for language processing comes into being.” If the freedom were unlimited, the nature of man would unlimited in its capacities. This must be rejected for obvious reasons. There is no other organism with unlimited capacities and we no longer believe that man is different from other creatures in such fundamental ways. In fact, there is no possible way in which we could think of a device, natural or artificial, that is free from all structural limitations. At best we may assume that a certain mechanism has the capacity to organize itself in more than one way (that is, depending on certain conditions of input, it may eventually be operating in any one of a number of possible modes). This formulation makes it clear that in any case we must assume a biological matrix with specifiable characteristics that determines the outcome of any treatment to which the organism is subjected. Thus the search for innate properties is well within the scope biological inquiry.
在某種意義上，所有的有機體都是自我組織的系統。於是，我們面對的問題就是，”一個特定的組織得要有什麼樣的自由度，才能夠處理語言。”如果這項自由度沒有設限的話，那麼人類的天性會有無限的能力。這種情形基於一些很明顯的理由會被駁斥。世上沒有其他有機體具有無限制的能力，而我們也不再相信人類和其他生物有什麼根本上的不同。事實上，我們找不到可能的方法去設想出一個裝置能夠免於所有結構上的限制，無論其屬於自然或人工的。我們最多只能推想有某種機制，它有能力以不只一種方式來組織自己(也就是說，根據某些輸入的條件，它最終會以許多可能模式中的一種來運作)。這個構想說明了，在任何情況下，我們都必須假設有一個生物學的矩陣，它具有可加以特定的特徵，而這樣的特徵可以決定有機物所受的任何遭遇會有何結果。於是，對於內在能力的探索是包含在生物學研究的範圍之內。