Gestalt psychology

Gestalt psychology or gestaltism (also Gestalt of the Berlin School) is a theory of mind and brain that proposes that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies; or, that the whole is different from the sum of its parts. The Gestalt effect refers to the form-forming capability of our senses (the word Gestalt in German literally means "shape" or "figure"), particularly with respect to the visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of just a collection of simple lines and curves. In psychology, gestaltism is often opposed to behaviorism.

完形心理學（Gestalt Psychology）
Gestalt Psychology又譯為「格式塔心理學」，其機本主張謂任何心理現象都是有組織的、不可分的整體。心理上的整體經驗得之於整體知覺，而整體知覺並非由分散的部分知覺之和構成的。因此，完形心理學既反對強調心理元素的結構論，也反對持分析態度的行為論。完形論者認為，行為論所強調刺激反應聯結，在學習中積少成多的觀點，是錯誤的解釋。完形心理學家認為，學習是個體對整個刺激情境所做整體性的反應，而非向部分刺激去做分解式的反應。（P. 281）

【資料來源】張春興（1991）。張氏心理學辭典（第二版）。臺北：東華書局。

reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/gestalt.html
http://www.cyut.edu.tw/~rtchang/modern_%20psychology.doc