Unlike the traditional model of grammatical organization, here the different linguistic modules operate in parallel to provide a pool of constraints which independently ensure the phonological, syntactic and semantic well formedness of an utterance. In the traditional view, there is just the one hierarchy, with phonological units such as distinctive features at the bottom, morphemes and words in the middle reaches, and phrases and sentences towards the top. The associated processing model is serial: recognition involves a phonological component, which passes its output to the morphological or syntactic component, and so on.
We wonder how the conception of constraint is used in phonology? First, a constraint is an empirical generalization about a collection of objects. Second, constraints interact to mutually restrict a solution space. Finally, the order of application of constraints is immaterial to the end result.
Computational Phonology:A Constraint-Based Approach
Studies in Constraint-based Phonology
An aspect of dialectal variations in Korean phonology: a constraint-based analysis (PDF)
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